Kentucky’s rich history is deeply intertwined with the legacy of its Native American tribes, notably the Shawnee and Cherokee peoples. These tribes have significantly influenced the state’s cultural and historical landscape.
Shawnee: The Southern People
The Shawnee, an Algonquian-speaking tribe, were historically prominent in the Ohio Valley region, including present-day Kentucky. They established several settlements along the Ohio River, with Lower Shawneetown being one of the most notable. Founded around 1734 near present-day South Portsmouth, Kentucky, Lower Shawneetown became a central hub for commerce and diplomacy, attracting both French and British traders. By 1755, its population exceeded 1,200, making it one of the largest Native American communities in the Ohio Country.
Cherokee: The Principal People
The Cherokee, self-referred to as the “Aniyvwiya,” meaning “Principal People,” were indigenous to the southeastern United States, including parts of Kentucky. They developed a sophisticated society with established towns, a unique writing system, and a constitution. However, the discovery of gold in Georgia led to the infamous Trail of Tears, during which thousands of Cherokee were forcibly relocated to present-day Oklahoma.
Mississippian Culture: The Mound Builders
Before the arrival of these tribes, Kentucky was home to the Mississippian culture, known for constructing ceremonial earthwork mounds. Sites like Slack Farm, located near Uniontown, Kentucky, included a Native American mound and an extensive village occupation dating between 1400 and 1650 CE. Unfortunately, in 1987, Slack Farm suffered significant damage due to looting, leading to increased awareness and legal protections for archaeological sites.
Today, while there are no federally recognized tribes in Kentucky, the state acknowledges the profound impact these indigenous cultures have had on its history. Efforts continue to preserve and honor the heritage of Kentucky’s Native American peoples, ensuring that their stories and traditions remain integral to the state’s identity.